LYZ and Immunodeficiency: Immune signal modulation and transduction pathways include Toll [23], immune deficiency (IMD) [24], janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) [25], and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) [26], which are triggered by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on the microbial surface, resulting in the expression of immune response effectors such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lysozyme (LYZ).