CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: More recently, treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the axis involving the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) have revolutionized the management of a large proportion of NSCLC patients; with regards to immune checkpoint blockade, data on reliable predictive biomarkers are limited in comparison with targeted agents, although the expression of PD-L1 in tumor specimens is currently employed for the selection of patients considered eligible for first-line treatment with single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors [2].