Numerous downstream Akt effectors implicated in ccRCC progression include the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase 3, Bcl-2-associated death promoter, NF-κB, as well as MAPK pathways signaling molecules, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) [45]. Here, AKT1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.