Increased expression of RSK1p90 phospho-S380 (p = 0.010), Akt1 phospho-S473 (p = 0.026) and ERK1/2 phospho-Y204/197 (p = 0.015) in tumor ccRCC compared to respective non-tumor tissue has been shown (Figure 3, Figure S1, Table S1). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.