Use rates of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, NSAIDs, and PPIs across CKD categories 3a to 5 all increased (ACE inhibitors: 2006-2009, 5654 [2.0%]; 2010-2013, 46 921 [5.1%]; 2014-2017, 81 601 [7.6%]; ARBs: 2006-2009, 2461 [0.9%]; 2010-2013, 21 791 [2.4%]; 2014-2017, 47 233 [4.4%]; NSAIDs: 2006-2009, 7009 [2.4%]; 2010-2013, 57 705 [6.3%]; 2014-2017, 113 251 [11.0%]; PPIs: 2006-2009, 5331 [1.8%]; 2010-2013, 44 362 [4.9%]; 2014-2017, 83 340 [7.7%]) (Figure 2). Here, ACE is linked to chronic kidney disease.