AKT1 and prostate carcinoma: For instance, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has an important role in biological functions of tumor cells such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and oncogenic activities.90,214 Experiments have been shown that hUC-MSCs exert apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects on human prostatic carcinoma cell line PC3 via activation of JNK and inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, in indirect and direct co-culture system.209 Strikingly, the NF-kB family which is well known as a critical transcription factor related to the inflammation plays a critical role in tumor progression.