CLCN3 and glioblastoma: During its discovery, as was observed in human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) by Cheng and colleagues,30 it was shown that CTX inhibits the flow of chloride ions, actively binding to and blocking chloride ion channel-3 (CLC-3), whose activity is associated with the invasiveness of gliomas by allowing the flow of ions inside the cell for normal functioning.30 Recent studies have pointed out Annexin A2, a member of the Annexin family, a calcium-reliant phospholipid-binding protein family, whose primary function is repair of the plasma membrane as a molecular target for CTX.