TGFB1 and Autoimmunity: We and others revealed that CD4-cre;tgfbr2fl/fl mice, which lack TGF-β signaling in αβ T lymphocytes from the DP stage in the thymus, develop severe early-onset multi-organ autoimmunity, including massive production of auto-antibodies, that cannot be rescued by the presence of wild-type Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells18–20.