The biologic rationale for these combinations stems from preclinical studies in models which involved either non-clear cell tumors (e.g. RENCA) or other types of cancer altogether but which suggested that anti-VEGF agents could enhance antitumor immunity by increasing antigen presenting cell function, enhancing immune cell tumor infiltration, and decreasing effect of myeloid derived suppressor cells and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment [21]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is neoplasm.