In another study conducted in more than 100,000 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis treatment, the risk of hyperphosphatemia (defined as serum phosphate levels > 5.5 mg/dl), hypercalcemia (defined as serum calcium levels > 10.2 mg/dl) and elevated alkaline phosphatase (> 120 U/L) increased progressively with PTH levels [44], thus showing an important role of bone turnover in determining serum levels of these elements [44]. The gene discussed is PTH; the disease is hyperphosphatemia.