Diabetic macular edema may occur in patients withnonproliferative and proliferative DR and is the major cause for visual impairmentin patients with diabetes.3 Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs andintravitreal corticosteroids are well-tolerated and effective treatment options inpatients with diabetic macular edema.5 Laser photocoagulation of the peripheral retina is used to treatproliferative DR and prevent (further) loss of vision, vitreoretinal surgery isneeded if vitreous hemorrhages or tractive retinal detachment occur. Here, VEGFA is linked to diabetes mellitus.