NFKB1 and psychosocial stress measurement: These results revealed that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway was activated by cyclic strain, while treatment with NaHS or 4-PBA, inhibitors of ER stress, could effectively prevent activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway, indicating the involvement of ER stress in activation of the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in the development of VILI.