MAPK12 and atherosclerosis: Through the KEGG:04933 and KEGG:05418 pathways, AGEs and low-shear stress activate intracellular signaling pathways that regulate five functions: firstly, AGEs and low-shear stress mediate the activation of PI3K-Akt and MAPK12–14, increasing the expression of activator protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB15, which activate pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B and TNF16, and various atherosclerosis-related genes, including CCL217, MMP2, MMP9, VEGFA18, and END119.