The consequences of partial removal of GM1 and the more complex gangliosides, obtained from the heterozygous disruption of the B4galnt1 gene (GM2/GD2 synthase), was a condition sufficient for these mice to develop PD phenotype: α-syn elevation and aggregation within central (CNS) and peripheral nervous (PNS) lesions, striatal degeneration and growing motor dysfunction6,9,12,28,29. The gene discussed is B4GALNT1; the disease is Parkinson disease.