WNT3 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: The expression of Wnt3 can activate Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway in liver cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer, and ESCC [20–22], etc. Studies have shown that Wnt3 is up-regulated in cancer tissues, such as gastric cancer and lung cancer, and knockdown of Wnt3 can suppress the progression of cancers [20, 21].