NOD receptors have been included in this section because, in addition to microbial and damage sensing, NOD receptors also promote activation of NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes.24, 25, 26 The importance of NOD2 in inflammatory diseases is most strongly supported by the association of mutations in NOD2 and the increased risk for developing Crohn's disease, an autoinflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, NOD2 is linked to Crohn disease.