In primate experimental periodontitis, a combined treatment to block interleukin‐1 and tumor necrosis factor activity demonstrated a significant 50% reduction of levels of radiographic bone loss over that found in control sites.142 The regimen provided was a three times per week intrapapillary injections of soluble human recombinant interleukin‐1 receptor consisting of the extracellular domain of the type I receptor and a fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of TNFR‐2 linked to the Fc portion of a human IgG1 over a 6‐week period. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and periodontitis.