CTLA4 and cancer: Four of these genes, Gzme, CD38, CD3D, and Chil3, appeared in the important cancer modules identified by Lesterhuis et al. (2015) However, the top gene, Jchain, had not been identified as a member of these important cancer modules; notably, Jchain was also found to be the most important of the anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapeutic response biomarker genes in our study, with frequencies in response and non-response samples of 80% and 0%, respectively.