UCA1 and breast cancer: Increased expression levels of UCA1 in urine samples has been associated with the presence of high-grade NMIBC, and an integrative meta-analysis including more than 500 BC patients and healthy donors determined that its upregulation may predict BC (81% sensitivity and 86% specificity, AUC = 0.88) (Wang et al., 2006; Cui et al., 2017).