The microenvironment includes tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and their associated cytokines transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), which impair T cell migration, survival, proliferation, and effector functions, leading to T cell dysfunction or exhaustion (9, 10). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.