In the present study, we showed that this dual-function therapy not only can promote apoptosis and inhibit the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cells by inhibiting the expression of Pim-3 but also can stimulate the activation of pDCs by ssRNA to secrete a large amount of type I IFN, thereby enhancing the activity of CD8+ T cells and NK cells in a B16F10 tumor-bearing mouse model. This evidence concerns the gene PIM3 and melanoma.