Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL6), and DSS-induced colitis enhanced phosphorylation of STAT3 and p65 (NF-κB), which bound with the miR-31 promoter sequence to activate its expression, as determined by luciferase activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation in malignant LOVO cell lines and organoid derived from mouse colon. Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.