NPPB and atrial fibrillation: NT-proBNP was significantly higher in individuals with AF compared with no AF [643.65 pg/ml (IQR 155.72–1339.25) vs. 64.28 pg/ml (IQR 37.08–133.10), p < 0.0001; Figure 2A], while the remaining biomarkers were not different between the two groups (Supplementary Figures 1, 2).