Consistently, in preclinical studies of T cell-mediated myocarditis, the expression of PD-L1 is also upregulated (Grabie et al., 2007).The upregulation of PD-L1 might protect the myocardium from damage; however, this upregulation can be neutralized by ICIs (Grabie et al., 2007). Here, CD274 is linked to myocarditis.