At least 10 genetic causes of NBIA are currently recognized (PANK2, PLA2G6, FA2H, ATP13A2, C19orf12, FTL, CP, C2orf37, WDR45 and CoASY), a number of which have also been associated specifically with pure or complex HSP forms of HSP (FA2H, PLA2G6, ATP13A2 and C19orf12) (Dick et al., 2010; Landouré et al., 2013; Allison Gregory, 2017; Estrada-Cuzcano et al., 2017; Tello et al., 2018). Here, ATP13A2 is linked to neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation.