Similarly, S100A8 levels in the asthma, COPD, and ACO groups (647.70 ± 56.68, 1241.93 ± 107.39, and 910.76 ± 104.17 ng/mL, respectively; Fig. 1c) were significantly elevated compared to the NS (385.68 ± 63.18 ng/mL) and HS groups (456.25 ± 62.68 ng/mL). The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.