In addition, we examined whether infection led to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines, finding significantly increased transcription of the Tnf-α and Il-6 genes (Fig. 2D) as well as significantly elevated protein levels for IL-1β and IFN-γ as determined by ELISA of cecal protein lysates (Fig. 2D). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.