In the context of the early and widespread activation of IFN-γ-responsive signaling that occurs in pre-symptomatic NPC brains [5], IFN-γ potentiates the subsequent release of eotaxin/CCL11 in the periphery [29], thereby suggesting a potential for the co-activation of IFN-γ and eotaxin/CCL11 under certain inflammatory conditions. Here, CCL11 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.