PPARA and fatty liver disease: Notably, L-arabinose treatment, low-dose, effectively restored mRNA level of Acadm but did not affect mRNA expression of the rest of tested genes in lipid catabolism (Figure 5A), high dose of L-arabinose reduced HFD-induced increase of CPT1A protein level and low-dose of L-arabinose further increased PPARα protein level (Figure 5B), suggesting that the alleviation of HFD-induced fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and obesity by L-arabinose might not be mediated by enhancing fatty acid utilization or thermogenesis in the liver.