BMP4 and cleft lip: Other studies demonstrated that BMP4 is related to the malformation of tissues and organs, such as dysplasia of the lumbosacral spinal cord in rats [33], in multiplex nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in humans [34,35], and in enhancing astrocytosis, microgliosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [36].