The infection of human monocytes with L. aethiopica isolated from DCL patients was demonstrated to induce IL-10 expression, which appears to be critical for preventing a protective immunity to Leishmania. In contrast, infection with the same species isolated from LCL patients induced higher levels of IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-4, indicating that distinct immune mechanisms drive the disease outcome of CL subtypes caused by isolates of the same species [95]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is infection.