APOE and atherosclerosis: While choline supplemented diet augmented atherosclerosis and plaque macrophage content in this mouse atherosclerosis study, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (0.5 g/L vancomycin, 1 g/L neomycin sulfate, 1 g/L metronidazole, 1 g/L ampicillin) via the drinking water demonstrated that depletion of the microbiota decreased the choline-dependent enhancement of atherosclerotic lesions in male and female Apoe−/− C57BL/6J mice, when kept on a choline-enriched diet at the age of four-weeks until the age of twenty-weeks [16].