We initially included eight ARDS-relevant plasma biomarkers derived from specific pathobiologic groups including: (i) inflammatory cytokine-chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1B, and IL-1RA), (ii) dual-functioning cytozymes, i.e., an intracellular enzyme that also functions as a cytokine when secreted (macrophage migration inhibitory factor, eNAMPT), and iii) vascular injury markers (S1PR3, Ang-2). The gene discussed is IL1RN; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.