Since COPD and sarcoidosis are also characterized by an abnormal inflammatory response [20], particularly mediated by TNF-alpha and other cytokines [50,51], we aimed to evaluate similarities of transcriptome landscapes in UC, CD, COPD, and sarcoidosis and the ability of infliximab to target pathological processes in COPD and sarcoidosis as well. Here, TNF is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.