Remarkably, in a subset of tumors that included genitourinary cancers (bladder urothelial carcinoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, prostate adenocarcinoma, and testicular germ cell tumor), the activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway correlated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Here, TGFB1 is linked to testicular germ cell tumor.