The importance of TGF-β receptors in bladder cancer is underscored by studies that demonstrated that Tgfbr2 knock-out or Tgfbr1 inhibition attenuates growth and progression of chemically-induced bladder tumors in mice [220] while TGFBR3 knock-down in a human T24 bladder cancer cell line results in reduced viability, colony formation, migration, and invasion [185]. The gene discussed is TGFBR1; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.