Although the underlying etiology of lethal prostate cancer including CRPC and metastasis is still not fully understood, it has been shown that alterations of androgen receptor (AR) mediated signaling, including AR splice variants and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, contribute to prostate tumorigenesis and disease progression [2,3,4,5,6]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to prostate cancer.