Further, our data showed the significant association between the higher expression of PMEPA1-a with earlier occurrence of BCR with univariable and multivariate models including age, race, PSA, pathological stage, Gleason score and marginal status, highlighting PMEPA1-a as an independent predicator of the occurrence of BCR, and further suggesting the pro-oncogenic function of PMEPA1-a in the development of aggressive prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.