AR and prostate carcinoma: Our earlier study showed that PMEPA1 degraded the AR protein via the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 mediated proteasome-ubiquitin pathway, and the PMEPA1 gene suppressed androgen signaling by, for example, decreasing the expression of the androgen responsive gene PSA/KLK3 in hormone responsive prostate cancer cells [10].