Upregulation of MKP-1 by AAVMKP-1 restored the thickness to 21.96 ± 4.01 nm (p = 0.018), whereas knockdown of MKP-1 by AAVshMKP-1 had no effect on thickness at 10.05 ± 0.95 nm in the hippocampal CA1 region of AD mice (Fig. 6j, l). Here, DUSP1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.