Thirdly, the combination of selumetinib and docetaxel has been tested in melanoma and colorectal cancer xenografts15,16 and in a Phase I trial,17 with evidence of activity in a Phase II study in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).18 In the DOC-MEK trial, patients treated with docetaxel plus selumetinib had an ORR of 32% compared with 14% in the docetaxel plus placebo arm (P = 0.059).13 There was a non-significant difference in progression-free survival (PFS) and NRAS mutation was not predictive of the response to MEK inhibition.13 This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K7 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.