DUSP4 and breast carcinoma: Higher DUSP4 expression has been found to correlate with resistance to anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, although this may simply reflect the presence of KRAS mutations that activate RAS–MAPK.49 Conversely, lower DUSP4 expression in breast cancer was reported to be associated with reduced response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and in breast cancer cell lines, DUSP4 depletion increased resistance to docetaxel and other cytotoxic drugs, while overexpression increased chemotherapy-induced apoptosis.50