This included elevated fasting glucose (213 ± 13.5 mg/dL in HFD mice), insulin resistance (GTT and ITT), diastolic dysfunction (dp/dt min measured by catheterization), molecular evidence of fibrosis and hypertrophy (increased TGF-β and decreased SERCA-2A and β-MHC), and evidence of lipotoxicity. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Insulin resistance.