Similarly, genes ESR1, SERPINE1 and VEGFA are shared across diabetes (EGFR, GSTP1, SERPINE1, ESR1, VEGFA and EGF) and obesity (CCND1, SERPINE1, ESR1 and VEGFA), which is in line with previous reports that obesity is a risk factor of diabetes [33,34]. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.