GLI1 and breast carcinoma: For example, an isolated glycoprotein modulated the function of transcriptional factors NF-κB and AP-1 in human breast cancer MCF7 cells [24], degalactotigonin, a steroidal glycoside, suppressed the EGFR signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells [25] and the Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling pathway in osteosarcoma [21], and α-solanine inhibited the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human prostate cancer cells [26].