HMGB1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Moreover, Dandona and coworkers showed that, in patients affected by type 1 DM (T1DM), insulin with glucose infusion suppressed ROS generation, toll-like receptors (TLRs), HMGB1 and other signaling molecules, while glucose infusion alone increased ROS generation, expression of HMGB1 and plasma concentrations of HMGB1 [40].