CHL1 and autism: Previous studies detected higher basal plasmatic levels of IL-1β [17,69], IL-5 [69], IL-17 [69] and higher levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) [55]—a molecule playing a role in cell–cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory—in subjects with a regression of skills prior to the onset of autism.