Given the central role of NF-κB signaling in the proliferation and survival of infected cells, further understanding of the interconnections between the viral regulatory proteins acting on the NF-κB and miRNA networks will likely offer opportunities for the development of novel pharmacological approaches and personalized treatments to eradicate HTLV-1 infection and cure ATLL. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.