BNIP3 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In accordance with our results, several studies have related BNIP3 silencing with methylation of its promoter as a protective mechanism of cell death in leukemia, pancreatic, and colorectal tumors [10,13,15,18,57,58,60,61], resulting from DNMT1 activity by the mitogen-activated protein kinase in pancreatic cancer [13] and from DNMT1/DNMT3B in colorectal cancer [10].