In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving forty-two subjects, 2.7 g/day of fermented red ginseng given for four weeks significantly increased postprandial insulin of subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes (35.5 μU/mL in the placebo group vs. 56.3 μU/mL in the ginseng group, p = 0.040). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.