CP and Alzheimer disease: Based on indications of copper deficiency (i.e., lower copper and ceruloplasmin-bound copper levels in plasma of AD patients with advanced biomarkers of the disease in cerebrospinal fluid; Kessler et al. 2006), Kessler et al. (2008) studied the effect of daily exposure of up to 8 mg Cu(II) over 12 months in AD patients.