TNF and lung cancer: After all, many inflammatory factors have been used as biomarkers for cancer prediction, recurrence, and prognosis; for example, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Wnt-1 can predict the occurrence and recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma [24], and chitinase 3-like 1 is a predictor of inflammatory tumors in lung cancer models [25] and several inflammation-based prognostic systems, including platelet counts, systemic inflammatory scores, and Glasgow outcome scores [26].