Li et al. believed that the mechanism by which HCV develops into chronic hepatitis C is that HCV RNA can activate NF-κB and cellular inflammatory factors (such as TNF, IL-6, etc.)through TLRs, and these cellular inflammatory factors interact with their receptors to activate the JAK–STAT, MAPK, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–AKT (PI3K–AKT) signaling pathways [92]. Here, AKT1 is linked to chronic hepatitis C virus infection.