During infection (days 4–11), six cytokines and chemokines (IP-10, MIP-1α, IL-23, GM-CSF, TNF-α and TNF-α: IL-10 ratio) differed significantly between rhesus who suffered SMA and cynomolgus who did not (Fig. 5A–H & Supplementary Table S5). This evidence concerns the gene IL10 and infection.