In our SMA model, infected rhesus macaques had lower levels of plasma haptoglobin compared to infected cynomolgus macaques on days 10 (50.5 ± 14.56 vs 114.6 ± 18.09 mg/dL; p = 0.03) and 11 (40.72 ± 13.1 mg/dL vs 98.95 ± 9.431 mg/dL; p = 0.01) post-infection (Fig. 3A). Here, HP is linked to infection.