Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ), or by depletion of Beclin1 and UVRAG, increased β-catenin protein levels in immortalized fetal human colon epithelial cells (iFHC) and in SW480 CRC cells (Fig. 7i, j and Supplementary Fig. 7e, f), indicating a steady-state turnover of β-catenin through the autophagy-lysosome pathway. The gene discussed is UVRAG; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.