CRP and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: In a recent publication by Wang et al, 8 biomarkers including markers of inflammation (soluble TNF receptor [sTNFR]-1, sTNFR-2, C-reactive protein [CRP]), coagulation (D-dimer), T cell activation (sCD27), interferon response (IP-10), monocyte and macrophage activation (sCD14), and fibrosis (hyaluronan) were found to be elevated among HIV and pneumonia co-infected individuals, even after adjusting for pneumonia severity [11].