A greater fraction of PDCs from the uninfected NIAID cohort produced IFN-α in response to HIV-1ADA (median = 4.59%, range = 0 to 67%) compared to the Amsterdam Cohort pre-infection samples (median = 0.55%, range = 0 to 14.57%), LTNP/ECs (median = 1.28%, range = 0 to 4.94%), or progressors (median = 0.55%, range = 0 to 2.59%). Here, IFNA2 is linked to infection.