VEGFA and glioblastoma: Prior cross-sectional hyperpolarized 13C MRS studies demonstrated a consistent decrease in Lac/Bic ratios within three hours of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in a glioblastoma (GBM) rodent model, with a spread in Lac/Bic values over the next 48 hrs suggesting this effect reverses at differential rates [19].