Although numerous studies have demonstrated that elevated AFP increases risk of tumor recurrence and survival after treatment, response to loco-regional therapies, risk of drop-out in patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation, and survival in advanced HCC [25, 27–30], the heterogeneity of the above studies prevents the formulation of a clear recommendation for using AFP in the prognosis of HCC [8]. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.